Philosophy of Viagra

Published Rodopi in the "Philosophy of Sex and Love" series. Series editor:
Adrienne McEvoy. Volume editor: Thorsten Botz-Bornstein

Areas covered: General Philosophy, Bioethics and Cultural Studies

Viagra has socio-cultural implications not limited to sexuality, but concerns
various parts of our cultural landscape. Being relatively convincing in terms
of bio-medical efficiency, criticism of online pharmacy viagra has so far mainly been
expressed in the (often feminist) "Liberal Arts" camp where Pfizer (the maker
of Viagra) is reproached for its profit-oriented negation of any
psychological, social, emotional, and relational components involved in
impotency. Lee Quinby, in his essay on "Virile Reality", observes a "Viagra
Effect" producing a viagrified reality, which is "mediated violence, clean
war, and computer games."

Viagra needs to be examined not only from a sociological but also from a
philosophical point of view. Philosophers like Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Levinas,
and Irigay have been interested in exploring sexuality from points of view
uninfluenced by theories constructed by scientists. James Waddell has urged us
to find "ways of thinking about sexuality that go beyond chemical, biological,
and mechanical explanations. We need tools that are forged in the heat of
erotic passion as it is lived to help us spot nonsense and to make sense of
our own experience" (1997: 2). Does philosophy not know since Plato that
scientific explanations, which claim to give an exhaustive account of erotic
perception, are misleading?

What do philosophers have to say about the "viagrification" culture? Is there
a philosophical principle behind Viagra as a cultural phenomenon?

Possible subjects are:

> Viagra and Posthumanism (artificial life)
> The Body as a Machine
> Reality and Desire
> Pursuing Hedonism. Why not?
> Non-natural sex?
> Ethical concerns about Viagra
> The Death of the Erotic?
> Viagra and the Virtual. Through Viagra the desire is not created but has
always been there in a virtual (that is, not actual but also not non-actual)
form. Through Viagra the desire becomes (virtually) real.
> The self and the other.
> The self and the other in viagrified perception
> Male and female conceptions of sexuality in conflict

Send abstracts to thorstenbotz@hotmail.com.
Extended deadline for abstracts: November 1 2009.
For articles: August 1 2007. Updates on
http://www.freewebs.com/botzbornstein/callsforpapers.htm

Thorsten Botz-Bornstein, Ph.D., habil.
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
Gulf University for Science and Technology
Philosophy, Block 5, Building 1, Mubarak Al-Abdullah Area/West Mishef
KUWAIT
Website: http://www.freewebs.com/botzbornstein/
_

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Natural Changes In Men

What are erectile difficulties?

As men age the ability to achieve an erection is affected. An erection will take longer to achieve, and will not be as firm as in youth. Some may find it difficult to achieve an erection at all. The causes of erectile difficulties can be either psychological or physiological, with psychological causes thought to be most prevalent. The anxiety and pressure that a man might face as his body changes, may act as a catalyst for erectile difficulties. Achieving an erection becomes a process of prolonged stimulation and intimacy. It may take more vigorous manual or oral stimulation for men to get firm. Some couples find it helpful to place the flaccid penis inside the vagina as a means of stimulation. Experimenting with different forms of stimulation will increase sexual satisfaction while it helps the male to achieve an erection.

What is impotence?

Impotence is the inability to have an erection. The causes of impotence are most often psychological, although some physical ailments may contribute to erectile failure. (For a more detailed description of the causes of erectile failure, please look in our section on sexual problems.) The prospect of impotence can scare many men away from sexual intimacy, but learning how to cope with you or your partner's decreased potency can be an effective way in restoring his confidence and interest in sex.

Impotence is a condition which will affect virtually every man in his lifetime. It can be embarrassing and discouraging but it is usually temporary. Impotence normally becomes a major problem when the man feels that it is. In other words, when a man puts unnecessary pressure upon himself to perform, he usually becomes more frustrated and less able to perform. If impotence is a problem between you and your partner, there are many techniques which you can try before you go see a doctor or sex therapist.

What can be done about erectile failure?

Viagra

Undoubtedly the most-hyped drug of the last 5 years, order cialis has now been prescribed over 20 million times. If you or your partner has a type of impotence that responds to medical treatment, cialis should be considered. It is an effective treatment and is currently thought to have few side effects. Among healthy men taking the pill, the most common side effects include headache, facial flushing and stomach upset.

Men taking a nitrate (such as nitroglycerin) for chest pain should not be prescibed Viagra. Viagra when taken in combination with nitrates can be a deadly combination.

Consult your physician for more information and to see if this treatment is right for you.

For those not eligible for Viagra, a wide array of alternative treatments exist. With a patient and understanding partner, any male can enjoy sex throughout life.

Relearning How to Stimulate

The stimulation felt by the male decreases during the aging process, therefore it may take more stimulation to create an erection. Oral or manual stimulation of his penis may be required to achieve an erection. Some men find that the only thing that will give them an erection is oral stimulation. Not only the type but the amount of stimulation may have to change as well. Some men will require almost constant stimulation of the penis to achieve an erection. If your partner finds this to be a difficult task, a vibrator could be used to give him/her a rest. A product that can help out is I.D. Pleasure, a high-market lubricant containing L-Arginine. L-Arginine is a non-essential amino acid which, through clinical testing, has been shown to enhance sexual arousal in both men and women. When ID Pleasure is applied to the clitoris, vaginal walls or penis for lubrication the L-Arginine will increase the blood flow to the region, heightening sensitivity. Heightened sensitivity, in turn, naturally results in a greater responsiveness to sexual stimulation.

Avoid pulling too aggressively on the penis, as this tends to encourage blood flow toward the body. Squeezing the tip or shaft of the penis too tightly may also reduce turgidity. While oral and manual stimulation are an effective means of attaining erection for most men, it does not work for everyone. Vaginal intercourse is the preferred method of many men. Often what works best for some couples is that the man places his flaccid penis in the woman's vagina. Then she begins to flex the vaginal muscles near the opening which can assist erection.

Reducing Stress

The most important aspect in combating impotence is to ensure that the man is comfortable. The pressure to perform can be the cause of impotence. If the man feels that he is under a lot of stress, he may have difficulty achieving erection. If the man feels relaxed then he will be more easily able to become erect.

Sexual Products

Products have been developed to help men with erectile problems. One such product is a so called "Cock Ring". Available in most sex boutiques and through mail order catalogs, the Cock Ring is an elastic rubber ring that slips over the man's partially erect penis and does not allow blood to leave. This helps to maintain the erection. Often these cock rings have some form of stimulator attached to them so that the person being penetrated gains additional stimulation. A particularly good ring is the Diving Dolphin. This blue jelly ring has two vibrating bullets that allow both partners to enjoy the stimulation during sex. If you prefer something a little more simple and without vibration, you can try the Adjustable Ring, which allows you to control the amount on pressure and fits men of any size.

Another product which you may wish to inquire about is the Prosthetic Penis Attachment (P.P.A.) This is a sleeve which fits over the partially erect penis to allow penetration to continue. They are usually attached with an elastic cord. P.P.A. are carried by many sex boutiques and mail order services.

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